Upper Limb
Upper extremity orthoses are devices applied externally to restore or improve functional and structural characteristics of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. In general, musculoskeletal problems include those resulting from trauma, sports, and work-related injuries. Upper extremity orthoses also are used frequently on patients who have had neurologic problems, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. They often are used in arthritic conditions as well.
An orthosis is classified as a static or dynamic device.
- Static orthoses – As the word static implies, these devices do not allow motion. They serve as a rigid support in fractures, inflammatory conditions of tendons and soft tissue, and nerve injuries.
- Dynamic/functional orthoses – In contrast to static orthoses, these devices do permit motion on which its own effectiveness depends. These types of upper extremity orthoses are used primarily to assist movement of weak muscles. Some dynamic splints have a dual or bilateral mechanism for providing tension, safely accommodating moments of spasm and so possibly limiting or avoiding soft-tissue injuries.
Functions of upper extremity orthoses include:
- Increase range of motion
- Immobilize an extremity to help promote tissue healing
- Apply traction either to correct or prevent contractures
- Assist in providing enhanced function
- Serve as an attachment for assistive devices
- Help correct deformities
- Block unwanted movement of a joint